From the INTRODUCTION. THE dyeing or staining of wood, ivory, bone and marble essentially consists in giving them a different colour from their natural one. It goes without saying that the process adopted must depend on the nature of the material. As a general rule, the deeper the stain penetrates the more durable the resulting colour will be. Most of the dyes used are gradually bleached by exposure to light and air, so that it becomes necessary to protect them from air, light and damp by a coating of varnish. While in the textile colouring industries we draw a distinction between dyeing (Färben) and mordanting (Beizen), and always regard the latter operation as preliminary to the former and as making the material fit to take up the dye, we do not recognise any such distinction in the branch of dyeing dealt with in this book. I should like to say that the words "Färben" and "Beizen" are here looked upon as synonymous, to prevent all risk of misapprehension. The directions given for the production of the different colours on the materials treated of are fully given in the body of the book. It has, however, been necessary to condense everything as much as possible. It need only be mentioned here that the operator will not get good results, even with the use of the best recipe, unless he understands the substances he is working with and the way in which they behave one to another.
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